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19 Best Organic Fat Burner In 2023

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Welcome to our definitive guide on the 19 best organic fat burners in 2023. As the quest for effective and natural weight loss solutions continues, organic fat burners have emerged as popular choices among health-conscious individuals. With alarming global obesity rates, where over 1.9 billion adults are classified as overweight, and 650 million individuals are categorized as obese, it is evident that the need for safe and efficient fat burning methods has never been greater. In this article, we will explore the top organic fat burners that have gained recognition for their ability to promote weight loss, boost metabolism, and improve overall body composition, helping you achieve your health and fitness goals in a sustainable and natural way.

19 best organic fat burner in 2023

Elm & Rye Slimming Gummies

mindbodygreen metabolism+

Mav Nutrition Organic Apple Cider Vinegar Gummies

Inno Shred - Day Time Fat Burner

Physician's Choice Organic Apple Cider Vinegar Capsules 

True Veda Organic Green Tea Extract Capsules

Garden of Life Raw Organic Fit Vegan Protein Powder

Havasu Nutrition Organic Apple Cider Vinegar Gummies

Ora Organic Vegan Protein Powder

Royal Keto ACV Gummies Organic

Nutrivein Organic Sea Moss 1600mg Plus Bladderwrack & Burdock

Formula Trim - Body Trim & Appetite Control Supplement

WellPath Pure ACV Apple Cider Vinegar Gummies with The Mother

Maximum Slim The Healthy 4-in-1 Organic Green Coffee

Pink Stork Slim Tea

Ora Organic Natural Pre Workout Powder

Satoomi 5in1 Organic Green Tea Extract Capsules

Natural Super Greens Powder Organic

Health Solution Hoodia Organic

Elm & Rye Slimming Gummies are a delicious and convenient way to speed up weight loss. Made with organic ingredients that are naturally derived, these gummies are a safe and effective fat burner. Each serving of gummies is designed to help you shed off those extra pounds by boosting your metabolism and reducing your body's ability to store fat. With a unique blend of natural ingredients, such as green tea extract, these gummies work for both men and women, helping them to achieve the body they desire without the harsh side effects of synthetic fat burners. If you're looking for an organic, tasty and effective way to slim down, Elm & Rye Slimming Gummies are the perfect weight loss solution for you.

Say goodbye to unhealthy diet supplements forever. Mbg's metabolism+ is formulated with five premium botanical ingredients that are clinically shown to optimize metabolic rate and promote healthy body composition.* These include cayenne pepper, veld grape, and grains of paradise, as well as EGCG and caffeine from green tea leaves. Together they curb cravings and help regulate appetite in a healthy, sustainable way.* Simply take two capsules with a glass of water after a meal to start turning fat into fuel for a natural energy booster.* Use code NEW15 to save 15% on your first order.

Mav Nutrition Organic Apple Cider Vinegar Gummies

If you're looking for a natural and effective way to boost your weight loss journey, then you might want to try the Mav Nutrition Organic Apple Cider Vinegar Gummies. These organic fat burners are formulated to help you lose weight without the use of harsh chemicals or artificial ingredients. Each gummy contains a blend of apple cider vinegar and other natural extracts that can curb your appetite, increase your metabolism, and improve your digestion. With the taste and convenience of a gummy, taking these supplements never felt like such a chore. Plus, they are vegan-friendly and gluten-free, so you can enjoy the benefits regardless of your dietary preferences.

Inno Shred - Day Time Fat Burner

Inno Shred Day Time Fat Burner takes fat-burning to the next level with organic ingredients that work together to give you the edge in shredding that stubborn fat. So what really makes this fat-burner so effective? The formula includes natural caffeine to boost energy levels while green tea extract provides antioxidants that help increase metabolic rate and burn fat faster. Additionally, Inno Shred contains green coffee bean extract which is known to promote weight loss. Overall, if you're looking for a natural organic solution to support weight loss, then Inno Shred just might be the solution for you.

Physician's Choice Organic Apple Cider Vinegar Capsules 

Organic Apple Cider Vinegar capsules from Physician's Choice could be the perfect solution you've been looking for to help you burn fat the natural way. These capsules are made from organic apple cider vinegar, containing the 'mother' enzymes that boast of health benefits like improved digestion and detoxification. Not only that, but the capsules are also quick and easy to take - you don't have to deal with the unpleasant taste of liquid vinegar. With Physician's Choice Organic Apple Cider Vinegar capsules, you can rest assured that you're fueling your weight loss journey with a natural, organic supplement that is gentle on your body.

True Veda Organic Green Tea Extract Capsules

True Veda Organic Green Tea Extract Capsules are an excellent supplement for individuals looking to lose weight in a healthy and natural way. These capsules are organic and are packed with potent antioxidants and fat-burning properties. Green tea is known for boosting metabolism and burning calories, and True Veda ensures that their capsules retain all these benefits. They are an excellent addition to a weight loss regimen and can also help control blood sugar levels and improve heart health. The True Veda Organic Green Tea Extract Capsules are a wholesome and reliable choice for anyone looking to manage their weight and overall health.

Garden of Life Raw Organic Fit Vegan Protein Powder

Are you on the lookout for a protein powder that can help you burn fat while providing you with organic nutrients? Look no further than Garden of Life Raw Organic Fit Vegan Protein Powder. This product is carefully crafted with the highest quality ingredients, including non-GMO, organic plant proteins and clinically studied ingredients for weight management. Not only does it provide a great source of protein, but it also contains a blend of immune-supporting ingredients and an organic fiber blend to help keep you feeling full and satisfied. Whether you're looking to shed some pounds or just find a healthier alternative to traditional protein powders, Garden of Life Raw Organic Fit Vegan Protein Powder is a perfect choice.

Havasu Nutrition Organic Apple Cider Vinegar Gummies

If you're looking for a natural and organic fat burner, Havasu Nutrition has just the product for you with their Organic Apple Cider Vinegar Gummies. Made with high-quality ingredients, these gummies pack all the benefits of apple cider vinegar into a delicious and convenient form. Apple cider vinegar is known to aid in weight loss by boosting metabolism and decreasing appetite. Plus, it can also improve digestion and promote a healthy gut. And with Havasu Nutrition's commitment to quality and organic ingredients, you can feel confident that you're nourishing your body with only the best. Say goodbye to synthetic fat burners and try these organic gummies for a safe, effective, and tasty approach.

Ora Organic Vegan Protein Powder

Ora Organic Vegan Protein Powder is a premier product in the market that caters to the needs of those who are looking for a vegan and organic option. The product is made from plant-based ingredients, which makes it perfect for people who are living a healthy lifestyle. The protein powder is an ideal option for those who are looking to increase their energy and promote weight loss. Ora Organic Vegan Protein Powder provides a natural fat burning advantage without jeopardizing your lifestyle with artificial supplements. Moreover, this organic fat burner is free of any animal-based products, which is perfect for idealists who want to maintain their vegan diet. So, if you are looking for a healthy and inclusive solution to your protein-related needs, Ora Organic Vegan Protein Powder is the way to go.

Royal Keto ACV Gummies Organic

The Royal Keto ACV Gummies are a new organic fat burner supplement that is quickly gaining popularity among health enthusiasts. These gummies are made from 100% organic ingredients and blend apple cider vinegar with other natural compounds, which have been shown to help burn fat and boost metabolism. Not only are these gummies a great alternative to traditional weight-loss supplements, but they are also a tasty snack that can be taken on-the-go. For anyone who is looking to lose weight in a healthy and sustainable way, these organic gummies might just be the solution you've been searching for.

Nutrivein Organic Sea Moss 1600mg Plus Bladderwrack & Burdock

If you're looking for a natural way to support your weight loss journey, Nutrivein Organic Sea Moss 1600mg Plus Bladderwrack & Burdock may be just what you need. This unique blend offers an organic fat burner solution that harnesses the powerful benefits of sea moss, bladderwrack, and burdock root. Packed with vital nutrients and antioxidants, Nutrivein Organic Sea Moss 1600mg Plus Bladderwrack & Burdock is a great choice for those who want to maintain a healthy diet while also shedding unwanted pounds. Plus, with its organic and sustainably sourced ingredients, you can feel good about what you're putting into your body. Try Nutrivein Organic Sea Moss 1600mg Plus Bladderwrack & Burdock today and see the positive impact it can have on your weight loss journey.

Formula Trim - Body Trim & Appetite Control Supplement

If you're looking for a safe and organic way to trim down your body and take control of your appetite, look no further than Formula Trim. This all-natural supplement has been specially formulated to help you achieve your fitness goals while keeping your health in mind. By utilizing organic fat-burning ingredients, Formula Trim works with your body rather than against it to reduce excess weight and control cravings. Unlike many other weight loss products, Formula Trim is free from harmful chemicals and additives, so you can feel confident in taking it daily. Give your body the support it needs with Formula Trim – the perfect addition to your healthy lifestyle.

WellPath Pure ACV Apple Cider Vinegar Gummies with The Mother

Apple cider vinegar (ACV) has been touted as a natural remedy for various health concerns for centuries. The WellPath Pure ACV Apple Cider Vinegar Gummies with the Mother offer a convenient and tasty way to incorporate the benefits of ACV into your daily routine. Made with organic ingredients and containing "the Mother," the gummies pack powerful antioxidants and are known for their ability to aid in digestion, lower blood sugar levels, and even act as a natural fat burner. With these gummies, you can say goodbye to the harsh taste and potential negative effects of taking ACV in liquid form, and hello to an easy, enjoyable, and healthy addition to your diet.

Maximum Slim The Healthy 4-in-1 Organic Green Coffee

The health and fitness world is always buzzing with new trends and products promising to help you slim down and feel your best. One such product that has been gaining popularity recently is Maximum Slim's Healthy 4-in-1 Organic Green Coffee. This unique blend of organic green coffee beans, garcinia cambogia extract, raspberry ketones, and green tea extract is designed to boost your metabolism and act as a powerful fat burner. What sets this product apart in the crowded health and wellness market is its use of natural, organic ingredients to support weight loss and overall wellbeing. If you're looking for a safe and effective way to support your weight loss goals, Maximum Slim's Healthy 4-in-1 Organic Green Coffee might just be worth a try.

Pink Stork Slim Tea

Pink Stork Slim Tea is a perfect solution for health enthusiasts who want a natural and organic way to shed some unwanted pounds. Made with organic ingredients, this tea is a natural fat burner that supports weight loss and digestive health. The tea is formulated to cleanse the body of toxins and promote healthy digestion, leading to a boost in energy and overall wellness. What's more, Pink Stork Slim Tea contains no harsh chemicals or artificial flavors, making it a safe and effective alternative to traditional weight loss products. Stay refreshed and healthy with Pink Stork Slim Tea.

Ora Organic Natural Pre Workout Powder

Are you looking for an effective pre workout powder that is made from all-natural ingredients? Look no further than Ora Organic Natural Pre Workout Powder. This organic fat burner is an exceptional product that delivers top performance every time. With carefully sourced organic plants and herbs, this pre workout powder is the perfect solution for anyone who wants to keep their body healthy even during intense physical activity. Plus, it's free from synthetic additives and harmful chemicals, so you can enjoy your workout without any worries. Try Ora Organic Natural Pre Workout Powder today and experience the difference yourself!

Satoomi 5in1 Organic Green Tea Extract Capsules

If you're in search of a natural way to boost weight loss, you may want to consider the Satoomi 5in1 Organic Green Tea Extract Capsules. This unique supplement is made entirely from organic green tea extract, which has been shown to have numerous health benefits, including being an effective fat burner. Many people have already benefited from incorporating green tea into their diets, and Satoomi has made it even easier with this convenient supplement. Plus, with the organic certification, you can rest assured that you're consuming a product that has been produced with the highest standards of quality in mind. If you're looking for an easy and effective way to support your weight loss goals, give Satoomi 5in1 a try.

Natural Super Greens Powder Organic

In today's health-conscious society, it's no surprise that people are always on the lookout for the latest and greatest product that can help them reach their wellness goals. One such product that's been gaining a lot of attention lately is natural super greens powder organic. Not only is it packed with nutrients and antioxidants, but it's also an organic fat burner that can help you shed those extra pounds. What's more, this powder can easily be added to smoothies, juices, or even water, making it a convenient addition to your daily routine. So if you're looking for a natural way to boost your health and achieve your weight loss goals, super greens powder organic may be the perfect solution.

Health Solution Hoodia Organic

If you're on a weight loss journey, you might have heard about hoodia organic, a popular and natural fat burner. This plant-based supplement from the Kalahari Desert has been used for centuries by indigenous tribes for its appetite-suppressing and thirst-quenching properties. However, not all hoodia products are created equal. Health Solution's Hoodia Organic is a premium grade supplement made from certified organic hoodia gordonii, ensuring that you're getting the best quality and potency. This product is non-GMO, gluten-free, and vegan-friendly, making it a safe and effective option for anyone looking to shed those extra pounds in a healthy and sustainable way.

Conclusion

In conclusion, the 19 best organic fat burners in 2023 offer a compelling range of options for individuals seeking natural and effective methods to combat weight gain and improve their overall health. As demonstrated by the staggering statistics, with over 1.9 billion adults worldwide classified as overweight and 650 million individuals categorized as obese, it is clear that the battle against obesity is ongoing. However, the organic fat burners highlighted in this article provide a glimmer of hope. By incorporating these natural supplements into a comprehensive weight loss regimen, individuals can tap into their potential to boost metabolism, promote fat burning, and achieve sustainable results. Embracing these organic alternatives is not just a step towards a slimmer physique, but also a commitment to a healthier lifestyle. With the help of these top-rated fat burners, individuals can embark on a transformative journey towards improved well-being and long-term weight management.

Awaremed & Dr. Dalal Akoury Unveil Premier IV Bar & Lounge, Elevating Wellness Experience In East Tennessee & Virginia

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Your State of the Art IV Bar and Lounge In Johnson City, TN

Experience the utmost care and expertise of our compassionate and exceptionally trained staff at AWAREmed's IV Bar and Lounge, thoughtfully crafted by Dr. Dalal Akoury to cater to your unique IV nutrition needs.

Indulge in personalized IV nutrition at AWAREmed's cozy and comfortable IV Bar and Lounge, expertly crafted for your unique wellness needs by Dr. Dalal Akoury

Unleash your radiant vitality with AWAREmed's empowering logo, symbolizing a journey of holistic wellness and personalized care

Meet Dr. Dalal Akoury, MD - Your Trusted Guide to Integrative Functional Precision Medicine, dedicated to personalized care and empowering your journey towards optimal health and wellness

New era of wellness, AWAREmed & Dr. Dalal Akoury introduce a revolutionary IV Bar & Lounge, offering top-notch IV nutrition in Johnson City, TN. #IVBar

Unlock your body's full potential with personalized IV nutrition therapies at AwareMed's new IV Bar and Lounge. Experience the future of wellness. - Dr. Dalal Akoury" - Dr. Dalal AkouryJOHNSON CITY, TN, USA, June 8, 2023/einpresswire.Com / --awaremed and Dr. Dalal akoury Open Premier iv bar and lounge in Upper East Tennessee and Southeast Southwest Virginia

AWAREmed, a leading healthcare organization, is thrilled to announce the grand opening of its highly anticipated IV Bar and Lounge at 1604 Lamons Ln. In Johnson City, Tennessee. Under the expert guidance of renowned physician Dr. Dalal Akoury, AWAREmed is set to revolutionize the region's wellness industry by providing an exceptional and rejuvenating experience in IV nutrition.

The new IV Bar and Lounge promises to deliver a first-class experience like no other. With a focus on personalized care and cutting-edge treatments, AWAREmedaims to cater to individuals seeking top-notch healthcare solutions. Clients can expect a serene and inviting atmosphere where they can unwind and recharge while receiving state-of-the-art IV nutrition therapies tailored to their specific needs.

Dr. Dalal Akoury, a distinguished figure in the field of integrative medicine, is the driving force behind this groundbreaking venture. With her extensive expertise and dedication to holistic healing, Dr. Akoury is committed to enhancing the well-being of individuals in the Upper East Tennessee and Southeast Southwest Virginia regions."At AWAREmed, we are delighted to open our doors and welcome newcomers to experience our world-class IV Bar and Lounge," said Dr. Akoury. "We are passionate about empowering our clients with the most advanced IV nutrition therapies available, helping them achieve optimal wellness and vitality. Our team of skilled professionals is eager to provide exceptional care and support on this transformative journey."

AWAREmed's IV Bar and Lounge offers an array of premium IV nutrition treatments designed to boost energy levels, improve immune function, promote hydration, and enhance overall health. Clients can select from a range of specialized cocktails, including anti-aging blends, performance boosters, detoxification therapies, and wellness infusions. The treatments are administered by experienced healthcare providers in a relaxed and luxurious environment, ensuring a safe and comfortable experience for all.

With the launch of this extraordinary facility, AWAREmed invites media outlets to discover and share the excitement surrounding the opening of the IV Bar and Lounge. The fusion of advanced healthcare, innovative wellness solutions, and Dr. Akoury's esteemed reputation creates a compelling story for both local and national media.

For more information or to schedule an interview with Dr. Dalal Akoury, please contact:[Dalal Akoury] [Founder and CEO] []About AWAREmed, AWAREmed is a leading healthcare organization dedicated to providing cutting-edge integrative medicine services. Under the guidance of Dr. Dalal Akoury, AWAREmed combines traditional and holistic healing approaches to promote overall well-being. The opening of the IV Bar and Lounge in Johnson City, Tennessee, represents a significant milestone in AWAREmed mission to provide exceptional care and personalized treatments to its clients.Note to Editors: High-resolution images and additional press materials can be accessed at [ Dalal AkouryAWAREmed Health and Wellness Resource Center+1 843-957-1196email us hereVisit us on social media:facebooklinkedininstagramyoutubetiktok

Discover the Power of IV Nutrition for Optimal Health - Dr. Akoury Explores the Benefits in this Informative Video

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How Shoddy Data Becomes Sensational Research

Over the past 20 years, a wave of improbable-sounding scientific research has come under the microscope. Are Asian Americans really prone to heart attacks on the fourth day of every month? Do power poses really increase testosterone? Do men really eat more pizza when women are around? Are people named Brady really more susceptible to bradycardia (a slower-than-normal heart rate)? As early as 2005, alarm bells were going off over unrigorous social-science research — that was the year John P.A. Ioannidis, a Stanford professor of medicine, published "Why Most Published Research Findings Are False" in PLOS Medicine. Since then, self-appointed "data thugs" have championed more transparent research practices, watchdog projects including the Center for Open Science and the Meta-Research Innovation Center at Stanford have attempted to tackle the problem, and reproducibility efforts have gained steam in disciplines ranging from medicine to psychology to economics.

And yet, after decades of awareness efforts, dubious research still finds a home in scholarly journals. Surgeries are more likely to be fatal if they are done on the surgeon's birthday, argues a medical paper. Fatal motorcycle accidents are more common when there is a full moon, claims a paper by a medical researcher and a psychologist. Bitcoin prices correlate with stock prices in the health-care industry, posits an economics paper.

To understand the persistence of dodgy research, it helps to consider the motivation and methods.

P-Hacking

The inherent randomness in scientific experiments is handled by calculating the p-value, the probability that random assignment might be responsible for the observed disparity in outcomes. How low does the p-value have to be to be considered "statistically significant" evidence? The great British statistician Ronald Fisher chose a p-value cutoff of 0.05, which quickly became gospel.

Fisher's argument that we need to assess whether empirical results might be explained by simple chance is compelling. However, any hurdle for statistical significance is bound to become a target that researchers strive mightily to hit. Fisher declared that we should "ignore entirely all results which fail to reach this level." No researchers want their findings to be ignored entirely, so many work to get their p-values below 0.05. If journals require statistical significance, researchers will give them statistical significance.

The result is p-hacking — trying different combinations of variables, looking at subsets of the data, discarding contradictory data, and generally doing whatever it takes until something with a low p-value is found and then pretending that this is what you were looking for in the first place. As Ronald Coase, an economics Nobel laureate, cynically observed: "If you torture data long enough, they will confess."

With terabytes of data and lightning-fast computers, it is too easy to calculate first, think later. This is a flaw, not a feature.

Consider a 2020 BMJ article (picked up by dozens of news outlets) claiming that surgeries are more likely to be fatal if they are done on the surgeon's birthday. It is a truly damning indictment if true, that patients are dying because surgeons are distracted by birthday plans and good wishes from colleagues. The conclusion is implausible, but it is provocative and media friendly — something that is often true of p-hacked studies.

It is difficult to prove p-hacking, but one sign is when the research involves many selection choices, what Andrew Gelman, professor of statistics and political science at Columbia University, has likened to a "garden of forking paths." The birthday study involved Medicare patients who underwent one of 17 common types of surgery between 2011 and 2014: four cardiovascular surgeries and the 13 most common noncardiovascular, noncancer surgeries in the Medicare population. The use of 2011-14 data in a paper published in 2020 is perplexing. The choice of 17 surgeries is baffling. P-hacking would explain all of this.

The authors justified their surgery selections by referencing several studies that had used Medicare data to investigate the relationship between surgical mortality and other variables. One of those four cited papers considered 14 cardiovascular or cancer operations but reported results for only four cardiovascular procedures and four cancer resections; two papers examined four cardiovascular and four cancer operations; and the fourth paper considered four cardiovascular surgeries and the 16 most common noncardiovascular surgeries in the Medicare population.

The four cardiovascular procedures considered in the birthday paper are identical or nearly identical to those reported in the four cited papers. However, the inclusion of 13 other procedures is suspicious. Why didn't they use a more natural number, like 10, or perhaps 16, so that the total would be 20? Did 13 procedures give the lowest p-value? It is also striking that none of the four referenced studies excluded patients with cancer, but the birthday study did. The authors' unconvincingly claim that this was "to avoid patients' care preferences (including end-of-life care) affecting postoperative mortality."

Even with all these possible p-hacks, the reported p-value is 0.03, only marginally under Fisher's 5-percent rule. One sign of widespread p-hacking by researchers is the suspicious clustering of reported p-values slightly below 0.05. A 0.03 p-value does not necessarily mean that there was p-hacking — but when there are many forking paths and peculiar forks are chosen, a marginal p-value is not compelling evidence.

Brian Wansink retired from his position as a professor of marketing at Cornell University and director of the university's Food and Brand Lab after a variety of problems were discovered with his studies, including extensive p-hacking. One smoking gun was an email to a co-author lamenting that a p-value was 0.06: "If you can get the data, and it needs some tweaking, it would be good to get that one value below 0.05."

HARKing

In Gelman's garden-of-forking-paths analogy, p-hacking occurs when a researcher seeks empirical support for a theory by trying several paths and reporting the path with the lowest p-value. Other times, a researcher might wander aimlessly through the garden and make up a theory after reaching a destination with a low p-value. This is hypothesizing after the results are known — HARKing.

A good example is a 2018 National Bureau of Economic Research study of bitcoin prices. Bitcoin is particularly interesting because there is no logical reason why bitcoin prices should be related to anything other than investor expectations about future prices, or perhaps market manipulation. Unlike bonds that pay interest and stocks that pay dividends, bitcoin doesn't yield any income at all, so there is no logical way to value bitcoin the way investors might value bonds and stocks.

Nonetheless, the NBER working paper reported hundreds of estimated statistical relationships between bitcoin prices and various variables, including such seemingly random items as the Canadian dollar–U.S. Dollar exchange rate; the price of crude oil; and stock returns in the automobile, book, and beer industries. I am not making this up.

Of the 810 statistical relations they do report, 63 are statistically significant at the 10-percent level — which is somewhat fewer than the 81 statistically significant relationships that would be expected if they had just correlated bitcoin prices with random numbers.

The occasional justifications the authors offer are seldom persuasive. For example, they acknowledge that, unlike stocks, bitcoins don't generate income or pay dividends, so they "proxy" this value using the number of bitcoin-wallet users:

Obviously, there is no direct measure of dividend for the cryptocurrencies. However, in its essence, the price-to-dividend ratio is a measure of the gap between the market value and the fundamental value of an asset. The market value of cryptocurrency is just the observed price. We proxy the fundamental value by using the number of Bitcoin wallet users.

The number of bitcoin-wallet users is not analogous to the income corporations earn or the dividends paid to stockholders and is not a valid proxy for the fundamental value of bitcoin — which is a big fat zero.

Among the 63 statistical relationships that were significant at the 10-percent level, the researchers reported finding that bitcoin returns were positively correlated with stock returns in the consumer-goods and health-care industries, and negatively correlated with stock returns in the fabricated-products and metal-mining industries. These correlations don't make any sense, and the authors did not try to explain them: "We don't give explanations, we just document this behavior." Academics surely have better things to do than document coincidental correlations.

Dry Labbing

Some are tempted by an even easier strategy — simply make up whatever data are needed to support the desired conclusion. When Diederik Stapel, a prominent social psychologist, was exposed in 2011 for having made up data, it led to his firing and the eventual retraction of 58 papers. His explanation: "I was not able to withstand the pressure to score points, to publish, to always have to be better." He continued: "I wanted too much, too fast."

It is just a short hop, skip, and jump from making up data to making up entire papers. In 2005, three MIT graduate students created a prank program they called SCIgen that used randomly selected words to generate bogus computer-science papers. Their goal was to "maximize amusement, rather than coherence" and, also, to demonstrate that some academic conferences will accept almost anything.

They submitted a hoax paper with this gibberish abstract to the World Multiconference on Systemics, Cybernetics and Informatics:

Many physicists would agree that, had it not been for congestion control, the evaluation of web browsers might never have occurred. In fact, few hackers worldwide would disagree with the essential unification of voice-over-IP and public-private key pair. In order to solve this riddle, we confirm that SMPs can be made stochastic, cacheable, and interposable.

The conference organizers accepted the prank paper and then withdrew their acceptance after the students revealed their hoax. The pranksters have now gone on to bigger and better things, but SCIGen lives on. Believe it or don't, but some researchers have used SCIgen to bolster their CVs.

Cyril Labbé, a computer scientist at Grenoble Alps University, wrote a program to detect hoax papers published in real journals. Working with Guillaume Cabanac, a computer scientist at the University of Toulouse, they found 243 bogus published papers written entirely or in part by SCIgen. A total of 19 publishers were involved, all reputable and all claiming that they publish only papers that pass rigorous peer review. One of the embarrassed publishers, Springer, subsequently announced that it was teaming with Labbé to develop a tool that would identify nonsense papers. The obvious question is why such a tool is needed. Is the peer-review system so broken that reviewers cannot recognize nonsense when they read it?

P-hacking and HARKing were less of a problem when it was not practical to estimate zillions of models. Now, computers can do in seconds what it would take humans years to do by hand. James Tobin, a Nobel laureate in economics, once told me that the bad old days when researchers had to do calculations by hand were actually a blessing. The calculations were so hard that people thought hard before calculating. Today, with terabytes of data and lightning-fast computers, it is too easy to calculate first, think later. This is a flaw, not a feature.

P-hacking, HARKing, and dry labbing inevitably lead to the publication of fragile studies that do not hold up when tested with fresh data, which has created our current replication crisis. In 2019 it was reported that 396 of the 3,017 randomized clinical trials published in three premier medical journals were medical reversals that concluded that previously recommended medical treatments were worthless, or worse.

In 2015, Brian Nosek's Reproducibility Project reported the results of attempts to replicate 100 studies that had been published in what are arguably the top three psychology journals. Only 36 continued to have p-values below 0.05 and to have effects in the same direction as in the original studies.

In December 2021, the Center for Open Science (co-founded by Nosek, a psychology professor at the University of Virginia) and Science Exchange reported the results of an eight-year project attempting to replicate 23 highly cited in-vitro or animal-based preclinical-cancer biology studies. The 23 papers involved 158 estimated effects. Only 46 percent replicated, and the median effect size was 85 percent smaller than originally estimated.

In 2016 a team led by Colin Camerer, a behavioral economist at Caltech, attempted to replicate 18 experimental economics papers published in two top economics journals. Only 11 were successfully replicated. In 2018 another Camerer-led team reported that it had attempted to replicate 21 experimental social-science studies published in Nature and Science and found only 13 continued to be statistically significant and in the same direction with fresh data.

The skepticism that psychology researchers have for work in their field is sobering — and justified.

An interesting side study was done while Nosek's Reproducibility Project was underway. Approximately two months before 44 of the replication studies were scheduled to be completed, auction markets were set up for researchers in the field of psychology to bet on whether each replication would be successful. People doing the studies were not allowed to participate. The final market prices indicated that researchers believed that these papers had, on average, slightly more than a 50-percent chance of a successful replication. Even that dismal expectation turned out to be overly optimistic: Only 16 of the 41 studies that were completed on time replicated. The skepticism that psychology researchers have for work in their field is sobering — and justified.

There are several ways to alleviate the replication crisis and restore the luster of science. Here are four of the most promising directions.

1. The first step for slowing the p-hacking/HARKing express is for researchers to recognize the seriousness of the problem. In 2017, Joseph Simmons, Leif Nelson, and Uri Simonsohn wrote:

We knew many researchers — including ourselves — who readily admitted to dropping dependent variables, conditions, or participants so as to achieve significance. Everyone knew it was wrong, but they thought it was wrong the way it's wrong to jaywalk. ... Simulations revealed it was wrong the way it's wrong to rob a bank.

Michael Inzlicht, a professor of psychology at the University of Toronto, spoke for many but not all when he wrote that,

I want social psychology to change. But, the only way we can really change is if we reckon with our past, coming clean that we erred; and erred badly. ... Our problems are not small and they will not be remedied by small fixes. Our problems are systemic and they are at the core of how we conduct our science.

Statistics courses in all disciplines should include substantial discussion of p-hacking and HARKing.

2. A direct way to fight p-hacking and HARKing is to eliminate the incentive by removing statistical significance as a hurdle for publication. P-values can help us assess the extent to which chance might explain empirical results, but they should not be the primary measure of a model's success. Artificial thresholds like p < 0.05 encourage unsound practices.

3. Peer review is often cursory. Compensating reviewers for thorough reviews might help screen out flawed research.

4. Replication tests need replicators, and would-be replicators need incentives. Highly skilled researchers are generally enmeshed in their own work and have little reason to spend their time trying to replicate other peoples' research. One alternative is to make a replication study of an important paper a prerequisite for a Ph.D. Or other degree in an empirical field. Such a requirement would allow students to see first hand how research is done and would also generate thousands of replication tests.

None of these steps are easy, but they are all worth trying.

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